Political party animals4/2/2023 Exploring these data further, we find that 8 of the 10 states with the lowest percentage of people who voted for Trump also have the lowest rate of dog ownership in the country (Vermont, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, Illinois, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Jersey). In comparison, only 3 of those 10 states had the highest levels of cat ownership (West Virginia, Idaho, and Arkansas CNN, 2016 San Filippo, 2018). We found that 7 of the 10 states in which former President Donald Trump had the most support were also among the 10 states with the highest percentage of dog owners in the country (Tennessee, West Virginia, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Nebraska, Idaho, and Mississippi). Are conservatives really “dog people” and liberals truly “cat people?” To further investigate this question, we conducted an informal examination of the states with the highest and lowest percentage of dog and cat ownership (San Filippo, 2018), comparing these data with state-level election results from the 2016 election (CNN, 2016). These methodological concerns, as well as the mixed results, emphasize a need for more research to understand whether differences truly exist between liberals and conservatives and their pet preferences. This cannot explain, however, why the percentage of dog ownership by state appears to be a better predictor of election results compared to the percentage of cat-ownership (Coren, 2019).Īlthough there is some evidence of a difference in pet preference based on political identity, the findings are predominantly based on single-item measurement of pet preference and reported in non-peer-reviewed outlets. Some findings suggest that political identity is a better predictor of cat preferences than dog preferences because dogs are generally preferred over cats, resulting in a restriction of range (Coren, 2013). This is not the only example of complex or mixed evidence for this question. Liberalism is also associated with cat ownership, but rather confusingly, it is also related to a preference for dogs over cats (Mutz, 2010 Wilson & Haidt, 2014). Conservativism, for example, is associated with dog ownership and a greater preference for dogs over cats compared to liberalism (Bratskeir, 2016 Coren, 2013 Mutz, 2010). There is some evidence that suggests political identity plays a role in whether people prefer cats or dogs. Over 48 million homes have at least one dog, over 31 million homes have a cat, and over 1 million homes have at least one fish (Čirjak, 2020). Roughly 65% of Americans own a pet (Mutz, 2010) with the three most common animals being dogs, cats, and fish. Extending past work, we also conducted exploratory analyses examining potential mediators of the relationship between political identity and pet preference. To do so, we employed a large dataset from the Attitudes, Identities, and Individual Differences (AIID) study, which included self-ratings of political identity, explicit evaluations of-and preferences for-cats and dogs, and scores on an Implicit Association Test (IAT) measuring attitudes towards these pets (Hussey et al., 2018). Thus, the goal of the current research is to empirically investigate whether liberals and conservatives differ in their liking for cats and dogs. However, the majority of this past research has examined the topic indirectly and almost all reports appear in non-peer-reviewed sources, such as mass-media articles and blog posts (Bratskeir, 2016 Coren, 2013, 2019 Wilson & Haidt, 2014). For example, states with the highest percentage of cat owners in America tend to be liberal-leaning, and states with the highest levels of dog owners tend to be conservative-leaning (Bratskeir, 2016). These differences seem to run deep, permeating all aspects of everyday life (e.g., the ability to recall dreams Bulkeley, 2012) and may even influence pet choice. A Gay Conservative.In recent years, the differences between liberals and conservatives have become increasingly highlighted (Agiesta, 2017 Blankenhorn, 2018 Doherty, 2017 Pew Research Center, 2017). Ashika Chandaramani: James' highly ambitious researcher.James Northcote: Jo's opposition shadow.Kirsty Mckenzie: the intern in Jo Porter's office, ambitious and careerist.Has young children at home, and a husband who thinks she shouldn't work so hard. Jo Porter: a government minister finding front-line politics stressful.He works for Jo Porter and is very idealistic. Danny is the "oldest researcher in Westminster" at 26. Danny Foster: the younger brother of Scott.Scott Foster: the son of a Labour MP from Oop North, he works as a lobbyist and parties hard.A 2007 BBC drama series set in the lower reaches of British political life, following characters in the Labour and Conservative parties and their interlinked romantic and political struggles in the run up to a by-election in the Labour heartland.
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